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According to Zhang Jie, China began researching polyurethane raw materials in the 1950s. Since then, some units have successively researched and developed toluene diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), etc., and built 500 tons per year. The TDI production facility lays the foundation for the development of the polyurethane industry in China. Due to the weak foundation of raw material support and application development, the polyurethane industry in China is developing slowly.
In the 1980s, China's polyurethane industry began to introduce technology. At this time, China's production of polyether polyol is basically independent research and development, and some brands of products can basically meet the needs of the domestic market, laying a solid foundation for the development of China's polyurethane industry. By the mid-1990s, the production of some raw materials and products entered the stage of independent innovation. A large number of companies are digesting and absorbing on the basis of the introduction of technology, transforming the equipment, continuously expanding production capacity, increasing varieties, and improving product quality. Many research institutes and manufacturing companies conduct formulation research on the market demand. Polyurethanes are widely used in the fields of insulation, refrigeration, construction, automobile industry, and medical equipment. The polyurethane industry has entered a stage of rapid development.
Zhang Jie told reporters that after half a century of development of the polyurethane industry in China, products have now been widely used in various fields of the national economy, and China has become the fastest growing region in the polyurethane industry in the world. In 2000, the output of various types of polyurethane products in China was nearly 1 million tons. In 2003, the apparent consumption of polyurethane products in China reached 1.6 million tons. The apparent consumption in 2005 is expected to reach 1.8 million tons.
However, at present, there are few isocyanate enterprises in China, and the products are mainly MDI and TDI, and the output is far from the demand. The huge gap between China's market demand and output has caused multinational companies to compete to build factories in China. Yantai Wanhua Polyurethane Co., Ltd. MDI device construction and the localization of isocyanates of multinational corporations have greatly eased the supply and demand contradiction of polyurethane raw materials in China.
During the "10th Five-Year Plan" period, China's polyether polyol industry has made considerable progress. With the continuous absorption of imported technologies and the transformation and expansion of installations, there are currently more than 30 polyether polyol production enterprises in China with an annual production capacity of 80. About 10,000 tons can basically meet the needs of the market. However, compared with the advanced level in foreign countries, China's related technology is still not perfect, the product brand number is small, and a considerable amount of polyether polyol is also imported every year. This is one of the directions for the polyurethane industry in China in the coming period.
Zhang Jie pointed out that technology import was once an important factor in the rapid development of China's polyurethane industry. However, with the rapid development of China's national economy and polyurethane market, multinational companies that have mastered key technologies no longer transfer technology to China, but instead invest in factories in China to control the polyurethane market in China.
Polyurethane enterprises in China have begun to embark on the road of independent innovation in the absence of technology introduction. Yantai Wanhua Company can be called a model for the independent innovation of polyurethane industry in China. Polyurethane companies, especially TDI production companies, must solve the problems of technology and scale as soon as possible, learn from the successful experience of Wanhua, and cooperate with scientific research institutions, break through bottlenecks with advanced materials, processes and control technologies, and information technology, and through joint reorganization, Give full play to capital and resource advantages, achieve scale, and increase production capacity so that we can meet the challenges from large foreign companies.
Flow meters are instruments used to measure the rate of flow of liquids or gases. They typically consist of a pipe and a measuring device. As the fluid flows through the pipe, the flow meter can calculate the flow rate by measuring the time it takes for the fluid to pass and the pressure difference within the pipe. Flow meters can be used for various applications including industrial process control, environmental monitoring, fluid transportation, and laboratory research.
There are several types of flow meters, including turbine flow meters, electromagnetic flow meters, ultrasonic flow meters, and differential pressure flow meters, among others. Each type of flow meter has its specific advantages and range of applications. For example, turbine flow meters are suitable for measuring the flow rate of low-viscosity liquids, while electromagnetic flow meters are suitable for measuring the flow rate of conductive liquids.
Flow meters play a crucial role in many industries. In industrial settings, flow meters can help monitor and control the flow of liquids or gases in production processes. In environmental monitoring, flow meters can be used to measure the flow rates in wastewater and air emissions to ensure compliance with environmental regulations. In laboratory research, flow meters can be used to measure the flow rates of liquids or gases in experiments for accurate data analysis and experimental validation.
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