Straw Making Ethanol Faces Three Major Challenges

At present, the grim reality that the price of meat and eggs has risen excessively due to the rise in corn prices in China has led people to further understand the need to limit the blind development of food ethanol. Some experts who attended the high-level forum of the China Energy Strategy of the Beijing Science Fair recently expressed different views on the view that some people have hoped to develop raw materials for biomass ethanol into straw and other cellulose raw materials.

Academician Ni Weidou, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, a professor at Tsinghua University, and Wang Zhongying, director of the Renewable Energy Development Center of the Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, believe that there is a saying that they want to use straw and other cellulose to make ethanol. But this still has problems. The first is technical issues. This technology has not been successful. It is still hard to say whether it can be achieved. Last year, the President of the United States said that he would use the technical strength of the United States to overcome the cellulose-based ethanol technology within six years. However, according to people who recently studied energy with the United States, American politicians have spoken at least four or five times such words in 20 years, but the cellulose-based ethanol technology has not been conquered. This time, I am afraid it is still hanging. The second problem is pollution. Cellulosic ethanol is produced by hydrolysis and biofermentation, and a large amount of waste water is produced during the production process. The pollution produced during the production of cellulosic ethanol is more serious than that of current papermaking. Papermaking is 1 ton of cellulose can make 1 ton of paper, while the production of 1 ton of ethanol has to consume 4 to 5 tons of cellulose, and more consumption will lead to more emissions. Now domestically engaged in cellulosic ethanol, we must not repeat the mistakes of the past in the development of papermaking and environmental pollution. The third is the cost issue. Even if cellulose-based ethanol technology passes, it will be costly. Still compared with the papermaking industry, 1 ton of straw can make 1 ton of paper, and 4 to 5 tons of straw can make 1 ton of ethanol. The sales price of 1 ton of paper and 1 ton of ethanol is roughly the same, but the raw material cost is 4 to 5 times worse. Now the domestic papermaking industry is not willing to use straw as raw material, mainly because the cost of large-scale collection and transportation of raw materials is too high.

Experts believe that a more scientific and economic approach is to promote the return of straw to the field, increase the organic matter of the land, reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizer, and improve the quality of cultivated land. The research of agricultural experts shows that the problem of increasing carbon and reducing nitrogen in cultivated land in China needs to be solved. Excess straw should be processed on the spot to produce biogas, granular fuel, etc. This type of fuel has a high burn-up rate, is easy to use, and has little pollution, and is an effective way to solve the vast majority of rural fuel problems. In this way, coal that is currently inefficiently used in rural areas can be replaced and used for large-scale electric and chemical companies with high efficiency and low pollution as raw materials and fuels.

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