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Heat treatment is the key to the versatility of beryllium copper alloy series. Unlike other copper-based alloys that can only be strengthened by cold working, the deformed beryllium copper is combined with a thermal process called heat treatment to obtain high strength, electrical conductivity and hardness. These beryllium copper alloys can be heat treated to improve their formability and mechanical properties, while other alloys do not. For example, when the material is in a stage of easy deformation, it can be made into a complex shape, in a rolled state and then age hardened to the highest strength and hardness levels not found in any copper-based alloy.
The beryllium copper alloy heat treatment is a two-step process consisting of solution treatment and age hardening. Since Jintian Company performs solution treatment of all deformed beryllium copper products before fulfilling the loan, most manufacturers are mainly concerned with the age hardening process. This process is discussed in detail below and outlines the beryllium copper alloys provided; specific heat treatment procedures for deformed alloys and cast products, recommended heat treatment equipment, surface oxidation conditions, and general solution annealing operations.
Beryllium copper alloys are supplied in two basic alloy types (Table 1); high-strength beryllium copper has a moderately good electrical conductivity, and high-conducting beryllium copper is characterized by the best electrical conductivity and a slightly lower intensity level.
 Table 1. Beryllium copper alloys may be heat treated (Table for UNS Gold Fields and Alloy No.)  | |||
High strength copper | High conductivity copper | ||
Deformation | Casting | Deformation | Casting |
25 (C17200) | 275C (C82800) | 3 ( C17510) | 3C (C82800) |
M25 (C17300) | 245 (C82600) | 10 (C17500) | 10C (C82000) |
165 (C17000) | 20C (C82500) | 　 | 　 |
| 　 | |||
21C (C82510) | |||
165C (C82400) | |||
High strength and high conductivity beryllium copper alloys are available in both heat treatable and factory hardened strips.
Beryllium copper provides a range of conditions from solution treatment (the softest state) to full hard (hardest state) in the rolled state. As is well known for precipitation hardening, age hardening and heat treatment, the hardness and strength of these alloys can be maximized. The state representation of the standard age hardened beryllium copper is shown in Table 2.
Table 2: State representation of alloy 25 , 165 strip  | ||
 | ASTM | Description |
Brush Wellman | ||
symbol | symbol | |
A | TB00 | Solution annealing |
1/4H | TD01 | Cold working 1/4 hard |
1/2H | TD02 | Cold working 1/2 hard |
3/4H | TD03 | Cold working 3/4 hard |
H | TD04 | Full hard cold |
AT | TF00 | In the Brush Wellman  |
1/4HT | TH01 | State symbol followed by ( T ) |
1/2HT | TH02 | Explain that the material has been marked |
3/4HT | TH03 | Quasi-heat treatment age hardening |
HT | TH04 | |
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